In 1972, a Queensland pig hunter named Mike Hodgens sat down with a deliberate engineering problem: he needed a dog that could detect feral pigs kilometres away, chase them across rugged Australian terrain, and physically hold them until the hunter arrived. No existing breed quite fit the bill.
His solution was precise. Take the English Bull Terrier’s tenacity and bite strength. Add the Greyhound’s explosive speed and keen eyesight. Mix in the German Shorthaired Pointer’s legendary scenting ability and silent hunting style. The result: the Bull Arab—a purpose-built Australian working dog that can detect pig scent on the wind from 4 to 6 kilometres away.
Fifty years later, the Bull Arab has become Australia’s most popular pig hunting dog. But it’s also become something Hodgens may not have anticipated: a loyal family companion that’s found its way into suburban homes across the country. It’s a transition that hasn’t been without controversy—and understanding both the breed’s working heritage and its potential as a pet is essential for anyone considering one.
What You’ll Learn
- Are Bull History
- Why most “Bull Arabs” aren’t actually Bull Arabs
- Are Bull Arabs aggressive?
- Are Bull Arabs banned in Australia?
- Training, health, & what it really takes to own this breed
Bull Arab Quick Facts
| Attribute | Details |
|---|---|
| Breed Group | Working/Hunting (not ANKC recognised) |
| Origin | Queensland, Australia (1972) |
| Other Names | Australian Pig Dog, Aussie Pig |
| Size Category | Large |
| Height | 63-69 cm (25-27 inches) |
| Weight | 32-42 kg (70-92 lbs) |
| Lifespan | 12-15 years |
| Coat Type | Short, smooth, dense |
| Colours | Predominantly white/cream with patches; also liver, brindle, black, tan |
| Shedding | Low to moderate |
| Exercise Needs | 5/5 (Very High — 1-2+ hours daily) |
| Trainability | 4/5 (Intelligent but needs experienced handler) |
| Good with Children | Yes, with proper training and supervision |
| Average Puppy Price (AUD) | $1,000 – $3,000 |
Bull Arab History & Origins
Unlike most breeds that evolved over centuries through gradual selection, the Bull Arab was deliberately designed to solve a specific problem. In the early 1970s, Australia’s feral pig population was causing significant agricultural damage, and hunters needed a dog that could work the vast, harsh Australian landscape.
Mike Hodgens’ original breeding formula was calculated:
- 50% English Bull Terrier — tenacity, bite strength, courage
- 25% Greyhound — explosive speed, keen eyesight, athleticism
- 25% German Shorthaired Pointer (or English Pointer) — scenting ability, intelligence, silent hunting
The combination was ingenious. The Bull Terrier gave the dog the courage to confront dangerous game and the jaw strength to hold a struggling pig by the ear. The Greyhound contributed speed that could outpace fleeing pigs and the stamina for repeated chases in extreme heat. The Pointer added something crucial: the ability to detect scent on the wind (critical for a dog that would ride on utes and quad bikes to locate pigs) and the intelligence to hunt silently—alerting the hunter without warning the prey.
Nobody is entirely certain why Hodgens chose the name “Bull Arab.” Several theories exist: some believe it references Saluki blood (the ancient Middle Eastern sighthound); others suggest there was an individual dog named “Arab” in the foundation stock; still others claim it was a nod to the breed being used to hunt feral horses (“brumbies”), which Queenslanders sometimes colloquially called “Arabs” at the time. Hodgens himself never confirmed the origin.
Hodgens reportedly produced hundreds of dogs annually at his peak, but stepped away from breeding by 1989. After his departure, other hunters and breeders developed their own lines, often adding breeds to suit different terrain and hunting styles:
Paulsen Bull Arabs (Queensland): Peter Paulsen added approximately 12.5% Bloodhound to sharpen scenting ability, increase stamina, and toughen foot pads for rocky terrain.
NSW Line: Gary Anderson introduced English Mastiff blood, creating larger dogs for hunting mountain pigs in the Great Dividing Range. These dogs often had docked tails.
Fortini Bull Arabs: Another Queensland variation with its own distinct characteristics.
The Bull Arab is not recognised by the Australian National Kennel Council (ANKC). The Australian Bullarab Breeder’s Association (ABBA) was formed in 2007 as the breed’s parent club, with the ultimate goal of achieving official recognition. ABBA maintains a breed standard and registry, working to standardise the breed and promote responsible breeding practices.
Bull Arab Temperament
Understanding the Bull Arab temperament requires understanding what they were bred to do—and then recognising they can be much more. The ABBA breed standard explicitly states that Bull Arabs “Must not show any signs of aggressiveness towards other dogs and under no circumstance towards other people.”
It’s a fascinating contradiction: a dog bred to chase down and physically hold 100+ kg feral pigs is, when properly raised, often described as remarkably calm and gentle at home. Breed advocates consistently use words like “loyal,” “gentle,” and “sweet-natured” when describing well-bred, well-socialised Bull Arabs.
Key temperament traits include:
- Intensely loyal and bonded to their family
- Protective without being aggressive
- Calm and even-tempered when exercised properly
- High prey drive (critical to understand)
- Intelligent and trainable with consistent handling
- “Velcro dog” tendencies—they want to be with their people
This cannot be understated: Bull Arabs have a strong prey drive. They were bred to chase, catch, and hold. This means:
- They may chase cats, small dogs, or other small animals
- They should never be trusted off-leash in unfenced areas
- They may pose a risk to livestock if not properly managed
- Early socialisation with other animals is critical
With proper socialisation from puppyhood, many Bull Arabs live peacefully with cats and other pets. But owners must be realistic about this instinct and manage it appropriately.
Well-bred, well-socialised Bull Arabs can be excellent family dogs. They’re typically patient and playful with children they know. However, their size and strength mean supervision is essential, especially with younger children—an excited Bull Arab can easily knock over a toddler without meaning any harm. The breed is better suited to families with older children who understand how to interact with large dogs.
Are Bull Arabs Aggressive?
This is perhaps the most important section for anyone researching Bull Arabs. The breed has developed a reputation for aggression in some quarters, but the reality is more nuanced.
The RSPCA Australia has stated clearly: “There has been no scientific evidence to support that certain dog breeds are more dangerous than others. Rather, the responsibility lies purely with the dog owner to ensure that their pet is socialised, trained and treated appropriately.”
Mackay Regional Council reports that pig hunting dogs are not represented in greater numbers of dog bites than other breeds. A 2022 analysis of 682 dog bite injuries at Sydney Children’s Hospital from 2010-2020 found no bites attributed to Bull Arabs—though the breed isn’t among the 20 most common in NSW, so this may reflect population numbers rather than temperament.
Here’s a critical issue: most dogs labelled “Bull Arabs” in media reports and shelters aren’t actually registered Bull Arabs. They’re mixed-breed dogs that loosely resemble the breed. Research on visual breed identification has shown it to be highly unreliable, with veterinary experts noting this complicates any attempt to track breed-specific behaviour.
Bull Arabs are the third most common type of dog taken in by Queensland RSPCA. But the RSPCA attributes this to irresponsible breeding practices—hunters not desexing dogs, resulting in litters that get dumped—rather than temperament issues. Most of these dogs are mixes, not true Bull Arabs.
A Bull Arab is a large, powerful dog with strong prey drive and protective instincts. In the wrong hands—with inadequate training, socialisation, or management—any such dog can be problematic. This doesn’t make them inherently aggressive. It makes them a breed that requires responsible, experienced ownership.
Are Bull Arabs Banned in Australia?
No. Bull Arabs are NOT banned in Australia. This is a common misconception.
Bull Arabs are legal to own in all Australian states and territories. They are not included on any Restricted Breed list. The breeds typically restricted or banned in Australian jurisdictions are: Pit Bull Terrier, Dogo Argentino, Fila Brasileiro, Japanese Tosa, and Presa Canario—not the Bull Arab.
Some local councils may have specific requirements for large breeds (secure fencing, etc.), but these are not Bull Arab-specific. Always check your local council regulations for any breed-specific or general large dog requirements.
Bull Arab Health
Bull Arabs are generally considered a healthy breed. Their hybrid origins give them a relatively large gene pool, which research suggests may reduce the risk of certain inherited genetic conditions compared to some purebred dogs with limited genetic diversity..
Common in large, athletic breeds. Bull Arabs can suffer from this degenerative joint condition where the hip joint doesn’t form properly. Look for breeders who screen breeding stock. Regular vet check-ups and maintaining a healthy weight are essential preventive measures.
Can occur in dogs with significant white colouration in their coat. Reputable breeders should conduct hearing tests (BAER tests) on puppies, particularly those with predominantly white coats.
The most common reason for vet visits in Bull Arabs. Skin allergies, dermatitis, and irritation can occur, often triggered by environmental factors or food sensitivities. A quality diet with omega fatty acids and regular grooming help manage these issues. Bulls Arabs with light-colored coats are particularly vulnerable to sunburn.
Idiopathic epilepsy can affect dogs, including large breeds. Certain breeds have higher predispositions, though genetic factors in Bull Arabs specifically are not well-documented.
Eye Problems: Eye conditions such as entropion may occur. Entropion, where the eyelid rolls inward, is seen in large breeds and sporting breeds
Cardiac Issues: Bull Arabs have a minor risk of cardiac disease. Regular veterinary check-ups can help detect any cardiovascular issues early.
Recommended Health Screening:
- Hip evaluation
- Hearing test (especially for white-coated dogs)
- Eye examination
- General veterinary health check
Bull Arab Lifespan & Longevity Tips
Bull Arabs typically live 12-15 years—a good lifespan for a dog of their size. Many reach the upper end of this range with proper care, nutrition, and exercise.
Maximising Lifespan:
- Source from responsible breeders who health test
- Maintain healthy weight (obesity is hard on large joints)
- Provide adequate daily exercise
- Quality nutrition appropriate for active breeds
- Regular veterinary checkups
- Mental stimulation (a bored Bull Arab is an unhealthy Bull Arab)
Bull Arab Grooming Guide
Good news: Bull Arabs are low-maintenance in the grooming department. Their short, smooth coat was designed for the harsh Australian outback and requires minimal fuss.
Grooming Schedule
| Task | Frequency | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Brushing | Weekly | Firm bristle brush; removes loose hair |
| Bathing | As needed (rarely) | Only when dirty; coat naturally repels dirt |
| Nail Trimming | Every 2-4 weeks | Active dogs may self-maintain |
| Ear Cleaning | Weekly | Check for debris, especially after outdoor work |
| Teeth Brushing | 2-3x weekly | Dental health important |
| Sun Protection | As needed | Apply to light-coloured/bare skin areas |
Heat and Cold Tolerance: Bull Arabs were bred for the Australian climate and handle heat well—but they still need shade, water, and common sense. Their short coat offers limited cold protection, so they should have shelter in winter. Despite being bred for outdoor work, Bull Arabs should not be exclusively outdoor dogs; they need to be with their family.
Bull Arab Exercise Needs
Bull Arabs are high-energy working dogs. This is non-negotiable. Insufficient exercise leads to destructive behaviour, anxiety, and a very unhappy dog (and owner).
Exercise Requirements:
- Minimum 1-2 hours of vigorous activity daily
- Mix of physical exercise and mental stimulation
- Secure, high fencing essential (they can jump)
- On-leash only in unsecured areas (prey drive)
- Excellent candidates for tracking, scent work, agility
- Swimming is great exercise for this breed
A Bull Arab with inadequate exercise will dig, chew, bark excessively, and potentially become destructive. This is not a breed for sedentary owners or small apartments without yard access. According to the American Kennel Club, working breeds require mental as well as physical outlets.
Bull Arab Training Tips
Bull Arabs are intelligent and trainable—but they require experienced handling. This is not a breed for first-time dog owners.
Training Essentials:
- Start early—socialisation from puppyhood is critical
- Positive reinforcement methods work best
- Consistency is essential—they’ll find loopholes
- Establish clear leadership without aggression
- Focus on recall training (but never fully trust it off-leash)
- Socialise extensively with people, dogs, and other animals
Socialisation & Training Timeline
| Age | Training Focus | Expected Outcomes |
|---|---|---|
| 8-16 weeks | Intensive socialisation, basic house manners | Comfortable with people, dogs, environments |
| 3-6 months | Basic obedience, leash training, impulse control | Reliable basic commands |
| 6-12 months | Proofing commands, managing prey drive | Reliable in moderate distractions |
| 1+ years | Ongoing training, sport/work introduction | Well-mannered adult, possible working dog |
Critical Training Note: Never use aggression or harsh physical corrections with a Bull Arab. This can create a fearful, defensive dog—exactly what you don’t want in a large, powerful breed. Firm, fair, consistent leadership is the path to a well-adjusted Bull Arab.
Bull Arab Price & Costs in Australia
Finding a genuine Bull Arab from a responsible breeder requires effort. Many dogs sold as “Bull Arabs” are actually mixes or from irresponsible breeders.
Finding Your Bull Arab: Contact the Australian Bullarab Breeder’s Association (ABBA) for registered breeders. Ask about health testing, temperament screening, and the dog’s lineage. Reputable breeders will want to ensure their dogs go to appropriate homes. Through Dogs Australia you can find affiliated breed clubs.
Initial Costs
| Expense | Approx. Cost (AUD) |
|---|---|
| Bull Arab Puppy (reputable breeder) | $1,000 – $3,000 |
| Initial Vet + Vaccinations | $200 – $400 |
| Desexing | $300 – $500 |
| Essential Supplies (large breed) | $300 – $500 |
| Secure Fencing (essential) | $1,000 – $4,000 |
| TOTAL INITIAL COST | $2,800 – $8,400 |
Annual Ongoing Costs
| Expense Category | Annual Cost (AUD) |
|---|---|
| Premium Food (large, active breed) | $1,000 – $1,500 |
| Veterinary Care & Preventatives | $400 – $600 |
| Pet Insurance | $500 – $1,000 |
| Training (ongoing) | $200 – $500 |
| Toys, Treats, Miscellaneous | $200 – $400 |
| TOTAL ANNUAL COST | $2,300 – $4,000 |
Lifetime Cost Estimate
Based on 13-year lifespan: $32,000 – $58,000
Rescue Option: Given the high numbers of Bull Arab-type dogs in rescues (particularly in Queensland), adoption is worth considering. Costs are significantly lower ($200-$500), and you’re giving a dog a second chance. Be aware that rescue dogs may come with unknown history and require additional training and patience.
Is a Bull Arab Right for You?
The ideal Bull Arab owner is experienced with large, active breeds. They have time for substantial daily exercise, space for a large dog to move, and the commitment to ongoing training and socialisation. They understand working dog mentality and are prepared to provide mental as well as physical stimulation. They’re honest about the breed’s prey drive and prepared to manage it.
Home Size: House with large, secure yard essential
Fencing: High (1.8m+), secure, dog-proof
Climate: Well-suited to Australian conditions
Work Schedule: Need time for exercise and companionship
Other Pets: Possible with early socialisation; caution with small animals
- Experienced dog owners
- Active individuals or families
- Rural properties or homes with large yards
- Those who want a loyal, protective companion
- Hunters seeking a versatile working dog
❌ First-time dog owners
❌ Apartment dwellers
❌ Those unable to provide 1-2+ hours daily exercise
❌ Households with unsupervised small children
❌ Those unwilling to commit to ongoing training
❌ People who want an “easy” or “low maintenance” dog
Bull Arab vs Similar Breeds
| Aspect | Bull Arab | American Staffy | Rhodesian Ridgeback |
|---|---|---|---|
| Size | 32-42 kg | 25-35 kg | 32-41 kg |
| Energy Level | Very High | High | High |
| Prey Drive | Very High | Moderate-High | High |
| Trainability | Good (needs experience) | Good | Moderate |
| ANKC Recognised | No | Yes | Yes |
| Lifespan | 12-15 years | 12-16 years | 10-12 years |
The Bull Arab is a uniquely Australian breed—purpose-built, highly capable, and increasingly popular as both a working dog and family companion. But it’s a breed that demands respect for what it is: a large, powerful, intelligent dog with strong working instincts that requires experienced handling, substantial exercise, and ongoing training.
Perfect for: Experienced dog owners who understand working breeds, have space and time for a high-energy dog, and are committed to proper training and socialisation. Excellent for active families, rural properties, or those seeking a loyal, protective companion.
Think twice if: You’re a first-time owner, live in an apartment, work long hours away from home, or aren’t prepared for the exercise and training commitment. This is not a “set and forget” breed.
The bottom line: In the right hands, a well-bred, well-raised Bull Arab is a loyal, gentle, and devoted companion. In the wrong hands, any large, powerful breed can be problematic. The responsibility lies with the owner—as the RSPCA correctly notes. If you’re prepared to put in the work, a Bull Arab can be an exceptional addition to your family. If you’re not, there are better choices for you.
Bull Arab FAQs
Are Bull Arab dogs aggressive?
Not inherently. The RSPCA states there’s no scientific evidence certain breeds are more dangerous than others. Well-bred, well-socialised Bull Arabs are typically loyal and even-tempered. However, they’re powerful dogs with prey drive that require experienced ownership and proper training.
Are Bull Arab dogs banned in Australia?
No. Bull Arabs are legal to own in all Australian states and territories. They are not on any Restricted Breed list. Always check local council requirements for large breed dogs.
Are Bull Arabs good family dogs?
They can be excellent family dogs with proper training, socialisation, and management. They’re typically good with children they know, but supervision is essential due to their size. Best suited to families with older children and experienced dog owners.
What breeds make a Bull Arab?
The original formula was 50% English Bull Terrier, 25% Greyhound, and 25% German Shorthaired Pointer (or English Pointer). Later lines have introduced Bloodhound, Mastiff, and other breeds depending on the breeder and intended purpose.
How long do Bull Arabs live?
12-15 years is typical—a good lifespan for a large breed. With proper care, nutrition, and exercise, many reach the upper end of this range.
Do Bull Arabs shed?
Yes, but moderately. Their short, smooth coat is low-maintenance and sheds lightly. Weekly brushing helps manage loose hair.
Are Bull Arabs good with other dogs?
With proper socialisation from puppyhood, many Bull Arabs get along well with other dogs. However, some can be dominant, and their prey drive may pose issues with very small dogs. Early socialisation is key.
How much exercise does a Bull Arab need?
A minimum of 1-2 hours of vigorous activity daily. They’re high-energy working dogs that become destructive without adequate exercise. Mental stimulation is also essential.
Primary Sources:
- Wikipedia — Bull Arab; Mike Hodgens development 1972
- Bestiary — Scent detection range 4-6 kilometres
- Australian Bullarab Breeder’s Association (ABBA)
- Bow Wow Insurance — Bull Arab breed profile
- PetCare Australia — Original breeding formula
- Bestiary — Theories on “Arab” name origin
- Bow Wow Insurance — Paulsen and NSW line development
- Wikipedia — ABBA formation 2007
- ABBA breed standard — aggression clause
- Mad Paws — Prey drive and socialisation
Aggression & Legal Sources:
- Wikipedia — Public perception and controversy
- RSPCA Australia — Breed-specific legislation statement: rspca.org.au
- Wikipedia — Mackay Council data; Sydney Children’s Hospital study 2022
- Australian Veterinary Association: ava.com.au
- Wikipedia — QLD RSPCA intake data
- Various state government restricted breed lists (Bull Arab not included)
Health & Care Sources:
- PetMD — Working breed health: petmd.com
- Dial A Vet — Exercise requirements
- American Kennel Club — Working breed needs: akc.org
- Dogs Australia — Breeder resources: dogsaustralia.org.au