Before there were Labradors. Before there were Goldens. Before any retriever you’ve likely heard of—there was the Curly.
The Curly-Coated Retriever is the oldest of all retriever breeds, first exhibited at dog shows in Birmingham, England in 1860. When the British Kennel Club published its first official stud book in 1874, only two retriever breeds were listed: the Curly-Coated and the Wavy-Coated (now known as the Flat-Coated Retriever). Labrador Retrievers and Golden Retrievers wouldn’t exist as recognised breeds for decades to come.
Yet ask most people if they’ve heard of a Curly-Coated Retriever and you’ll likely get a blank stare—or worse, “Is that some kind of Labradoodle?” (It’s not. The Curly predates designer dogs by over a century.)
Known as the “blue-collar retriever” because it was favoured by English gamekeepers and even poachers rather than aristocrats, the Curly-Coated Retriever remains a rare but remarkable breed. And while its popularity has declined in its English homeland, it has found devoted followers in Australia and New Zealand—where it’s now more popular than in the UK.
What You’ll Learn
- Why the Curly is the oldest retriever breed
- The ‘blue-collar retriever’ history
- How it differs from Labs, Goldens, and the Murray River Retriever
- Health issues including Exercise-Induced Collapse (EIC)
- Australian pricing and availability
Curly-Coated Retriever Quick Facts
| Attribute | Details |
|---|---|
| Breed Group | Sporting/Gundog Group |
| Origin | England (oldest retriever breed, 1860s) |
| Other Names | Curly, CCR |
| Size Category | Large |
| Height (Male) | 64-69 cm (25-27 inches) |
| Height (Female) | 58-64 cm (23-25 inches) |
| Weight | 29-36 kg (65-80 lbs) |
| Lifespan | 10-13 years (avg 12.2 years) |
| Coat Type | Tight, crisp curls — waterproof |
| Colours | Solid black or solid liver only |
| Shedding | Moderate (seasonal) |
| Exercise Needs | 5/5 (Very High) |
| Trainability | 3/5 (Intelligent but independent) |
| Good with Children | Yes (gentle, may be boisterous) |
| Good for First-Time Owners | No — needs experienced handler |
| Average Puppy Price (AUD) | $2,500 – $4,000 (rare breed) |
Curly-Coated Retriever History & Origins
The Curly-Coated Retriever was the first breed to be officially classified as a “retriever” at dog shows. When the 1860 Birmingham dog show opened its entries beyond just setters and hounds, the Curly was already a well-established, standardised breed—decades before breed standards even existed for most dogs.
The breed’s exact ancestry is debated, but most historians agree it descends from the now-extinct English Water Spaniel, the St. John’s Water Dog (ancestor of modern Labs), and possibly the Irish Water Spaniel and Poodle. What’s certain is that by 1874, when the first British Kennel Club stud book was published, the Curly was already breeding true to type.
Unlike many gundog breeds that were developed on aristocratic estates, the Curly-Coated Retriever was the dog of working people. English gamekeepers and even poachers favoured these hardy, versatile retrievers. As one historical account puts it, the Curly was “the blue-collar retriever”—a dog that worked for its keep rather than living in luxury.
Market hunters in 19th century England—men who hunted professionally to sell meat—relied heavily on Curlies. These hunters needed dogs that could retrieve hundreds of ducks from icy water, work through brutal conditions, and keep going day after gruelling day. The Curly delivered.
Henry Coleman Folkard, whose 1859 book “The Wildfowler” was one of the first comprehensive guides to waterfowl hunting, wrote that the Curly-Coated Retriever was “without a doubt” the best duck dog in England, particularly for hunters without boats who had to work from shore. The dog, he said, “must possess fine courage, and be ready and willing to dash into the water after a winged fowl on the coldest days of winter.”
While the Curly’s popularity declined in England, it found devoted followers in Australia and New Zealand. Today, the breed is more popular in these countries than in its English homeland. The Curly’s waterproof coat, endurance, and versatility make it well-suited to Australian hunting conditions.
‘Is That a Labradoodle?’ — Clearing Up the Confusion
No. The Curly-Coated Retriever is not a Labradoodle, a Poodle mix, or any kind of designer dog. It predates the Labradoodle by well over a century and has been breeding true to type since the 1800s. If anything, modern designer breeds borrowed from the Curly’s genetic heritage, not the other way around.
Curly-Coated Retriever vs Murray River Retriever
Australian readers may also wonder about the Murray River Retriever (formerly Murray River Curly Coated Retriever)—Australia’s only homegrown retriever breed. Despite the similar name, these are entirely different breeds:
| Trait | Curly-Coated Retriever | Murray River Retriever |
|---|---|---|
| Origin | England | Australia (Murray River region) |
| Size | Large (29-36 kg) | Smaller, stockier build |
| Coat | Tight, crisp curls | Looser, medium curls |
| Colours | Black or liver | Liver only |
| Recognition | All major kennel clubs | ANKC Sporting Register (2014) |
| DNA Relation | Distinct breed | Closer to spaniels (DNA testing) |
The Murray River Retriever has been breeding true in Australia since at least 1894. DNA testing in 2014 showed it has no close relationship to the English Curly-Coated Retriever and is genetically closer to spaniels. The ANKC required the name change from “Murray River Curly Coated Retriever” to avoid confusion with the English breed.
Curly-Coated Retriever Temperament
The Curly-Coated Retriever is often described as “the thinking person’s retriever.” More independent than Labs and Goldens, less eager to please strangers, and with a reserved, almost dignified demeanor that sets it apart from its more boisterous cousins. This is a breed that bonds deeply with its family but maintains a certain aloofness with strangers.
- Independent—thinks for itself, not blindly obedient
- Reserved with strangers—may be aloof but rarely aggressive
- Deeply loyal to family—bonds strongly with their people
- Confident and self-assured—not needy
- Playful and sometimes mischievous—slow to mature
- Excellent watchdog—more protective than typical retrievers
- Calm indoors (if adequately exercised)
If you’re expecting a Lab-like personality, think again. While Labs greet everyone like long-lost friends, Curlies size up strangers first. Where Goldens live to please, Curlies think about whether your request makes sense before complying. As PetMD notes, this independence can be challenging for first-time owners but rewarding for experienced handlers who appreciate a dog that thinks.
Curlies mature slowly—often retaining their playful, puppy-like demeanor well into adulthood. Some don’t fully settle until three years of age. This extended adolescence can try patience, but it also means you get a longer puppyhood to enjoy. Training consistency is crucial during this period.
Well-socialised Curlies are good with children, though their size and boisterous nature mean supervision is wise with young kids. They generally get along with other dogs but may be reserved. Some retain prey drive for birds and small animals—after all, this is a breed built for retrieving.
Curly-Coated Retriever Health
Curlies are generally healthy dogs, but like all purebreds, they have some breed-specific health concerns. Responsible breeders test for these conditions. According to RSPCA Australia, choosing a breeder who health tests is the single most important factor in getting a healthy puppy.
This inherited neuromuscular condition causes sudden weakness and collapse after intense exercise. Dogs appear healthy and fit, but after 5-10 minutes of strenuous activity, their hind legs suddenly weaken. Body temperature can spike dangerously high. Dogs usually recover but will have future episodes. DNA testing can identify carriers.
A genetic disorder where glycogen accumulates in the liver, causing lethargy, exercise intolerance, and potentially liver damage. Symptoms typically appear around 4 months of age. DNA testing can identify carriers, and responsible breeders avoid carrier-to-carrier matings.
Like many large breeds, Curlies can develop joint dysplasia. The breed’s average hip score is 10.2—breeders should aim for scores below this. Elbow scores should ideally be zero.
Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA): Gradual vision loss leading to blindness. DNA testing available.
Entropion: Eyelid rolling inward, causing irritation. May require surgery.
Distichiasis: Extra eyelashes that can damage the eye.
Cancer: Curlies have elevated cancer risk compared to some breeds. Types seen include osteosarcoma, mast cell tumours, and hemangiosarcoma. Senior dogs (8-11 years) are most commonly diagnosed. Regular vet checks and early detection are crucial.
Pattern Baldness (Follicular Dysplasia): A hereditary condition causing hair loss, typically on the sides, back, or neck. Not painful or harmful, but the distinctive curly coat becomes patchy. Currently no effective treatment, though some vets try melatonin.
Other Concerns: Heart disease (various types), Epilepsy, Bloat/GDV (deep-chested breed)
Curly-Coated Retriever Lifespan
Curlies typically live 10-13 years. A 2024 UK study found an average lifespan of 12.2 years for the breed—slightly below the purebred average of 12.7 years but good for a large breed. Maintaining healthy weight and regular exercise are key factors in longevity for large breeds.
Maximising Lifespan:
- Choose a breeder who tests for EIC, GSD, PRA, hips, and elbows
- Maintain healthy weight
- Avoid intense exercise in dogs with EIC
- Provide adequate but appropriate exercise
- Regular vet checkups (especially for cancer screening in seniors)
- Take bloat precautions (slow feeders, avoid exercise around meals)
Curly-Coated Retriever Grooming
Here’s something that surprises many people: despite that impressive coat, Curlies are relatively low-maintenance grooming-wise. In fact, brushing can actually damage those tight curls, causing them to frizz. Most Curly owners simply wet the coat and let it air-dry.
Grooming Schedule
| Task | Frequency | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Brushing | During shedding only | Use metal comb; brushing causes frizz |
| Bathing | Every 6-8 weeks | Let coat air-dry to maintain curls |
| Ear Cleaning | Weekly | After swimming especially |
| Nail Trimming | Every 2-3 weeks | May wear down with activity |
| Teeth Brushing | 2-3 times weekly | Essential for dental health |
Shedding: Moderate overall, heavier during seasonal changes. Not hypoallergenic—the oily coat may actually be problematic for allergy sufferers.
The Coat’s Purpose: Those tight curls aren’t just for looks—they’re highly functional. The coat repels water, resists burrs and brambles, and protects against cold. A Curly can swim in icy water and shake nearly dry in seconds.
Curly-Coated Retriever Exercise Needs
This is a serious working dog that was bred to retrieve hundreds of birds a day in brutal conditions. Exercise needs are high. A bored Curly is a destructive Curly.
Exercise Guidelines:
- Minimum 60-90 minutes daily (more for younger dogs)
- Swimming is ideal—they’re built for it
- Retrieving games tap into natural instincts
- Mental stimulation equally important (nose work, training)
- Excel at: field trials, hunting, agility, tracking, rally
- Need secure fencing—may wander if understimulated
EIC Warning: If your Curly has Exercise-Induced Collapse, you’ll need to carefully manage activity levels. Avoid intense, prolonged exercise and watch for early signs of weakness. Most EIC dogs can still enjoy moderate activity.
The good news: Once adequately exercised, Curlies are calm and relaxed indoors. They’re not constantly demanding attention like some breeds. Give them their daily workout and they’ll settle happily at your feet.
Curly-Coated Retriever Training
Curlies are intelligent dogs—but that intelligence comes with independence. They’re not blindly obedient like Labs. They’ll consider your request, decide if it makes sense, and then comply (or not). This can be frustrating for owners expecting instant obedience but rewarding for those who appreciate a thinking partner.
Training Approach:
- Positive reinforcement essential—harsh methods backfire
- Keep sessions short and interesting—they bore easily
- Vary the routine—repetitive drills will lose their attention
- Be patient—they mature slowly
- Establish yourself as a calm, consistent leader
- Early socialisation critical—expose to many people and situations
- Teach reliable recall—some retain prey drive
Socialisation & Training Timeline
| Age | Training Focus | Expected Outcomes |
|---|---|---|
| 8-16 weeks | Socialisation, basic commands | Confident, well-adjusted puppy |
| 3-6 months | Obedience foundations, recall | Basic commands, early recall |
| 6-12 months | Adolescence—patience required | Testing boundaries, keep consistent |
| 1-3 years | Ongoing training, maturity | Gradual settling, reliable commands |
Curly-Coated Retriever Price & Costs in Australia
Curlies are rare in Australia, and finding a puppy may require patience and possibly interstate travel. The breed’s rarity means waiting lists can be long.
Initial Costs
| Expense | Approx. Cost (AUD) |
|---|---|
| Curly-Coated Retriever Puppy (registered breeder) | $2,500 – $4,000 |
| Initial Vet + Vaccinations | $200 – $400 |
| Desexing | $350 – $600 |
| Essential Supplies | $350 – $550 |
| TOTAL INITIAL COST | $3,400 – $5,550 |
Annual Ongoing Costs
| Expense Category | Annual Cost (AUD) |
|---|---|
| Quality Food (large breed) | $900 – $1,400 |
| Veterinary Care & Preventatives | $400 – $800 |
| Pet Insurance | $600 – $1,000 |
| Toys, Treats, Miscellaneous | $200 – $400 |
| TOTAL ANNUAL COST | $2,100 – $3,600 |
Lifetime Cost Estimate
Based on 12-year lifespan: $28,000 – $48,000
Finding a Puppy: Contact the Curly Coated Retriever Club of your state, or the national breed club through Dogs Australia. Be prepared to wait—reputable breeders often have waiting lists, and litters are infrequent.
Is a Curly-Coated Retriever Right for You?
- Experienced dog owners who appreciate independence
- Active households—hunters, hikers, swimmers
- Those who want a dog that thinks, not just obeys
- People with access to water for swimming
- Families who can commit to extended adolescence
- Those wanting a retriever that’s a bit different
❌ First-time dog owners
❌ Those wanting instant Lab-like obedience
❌ Sedentary households
❌ People away from home all day
❌ Anyone wanting a low-exercise dog
❌ Those who can’t handle a long adolescence (up to 3 years)
Home Size: House with yard strongly preferred
Yard: Securely fenced (may wander if bored)
Activity Level: Very active household
Climate: Adaptable—coat handles cold and water well
The Curly-Coated Retriever is the forgotten ancestor of the retriever world—the oldest, the first to be shown, and the foundation from which the more famous Labs and Goldens eventually emerged. That it remains rare while its descendants dominate is one of dogdom’s great ironies.
But rarity has its advantages. The Curly has been largely spared the overbreeding and temperament issues that plague some popular breeds. It remains a genuine working dog—intelligent, athletic, versatile—rather than a shadow of what it once was.
Perfect for: Experienced owners who want a thinking, independent retriever with genuine working ability. Hunters, field trialists, and active families who can provide serious exercise and appreciate a dog that’s a partner rather than just a follower.
Think twice if: You want easy, eager-to-please obedience like a Lab. Curlies are wonderful dogs, but they’re not for everyone. First-time owners should probably start with a more biddable breed.
First-time owner verdict: Not recommended. The Curly’s independence, slow maturity, and high exercise needs make it challenging for inexperienced handlers. Consider a Lab or Golden first, then come back to a Curly when you have more experience.
Curly-Coated Retriever FAQs
Are Curly-Coated Retrievers hypoallergenic?
No. Despite the curly coat, they shed moderately and produce normal dander. The oily coat may actually cause more issues for some allergy sufferers. They are not suitable for people with dog allergies.
Do Curly-Coated Retrievers shed?
Yes, moderately. They shed more heavily during seasonal changes. Unlike some curly-coated breeds, they do drop fur—just not as much as Labs or Goldens.
Are Curly-Coated Retrievers rare?
Yes, very rare. They’re one of the least common retriever breeds despite being the oldest. Finding a puppy often requires patience and waiting lists. They’re more popular in Australia and New Zealand than in their English homeland.
How much is a Curly-Coated Retriever in Australia?
$2,500 – $4,000 from a registered breeder. Their rarity can affect pricing and availability. Contact breed clubs through Dogs Australia to find reputable breeders.
What is a Curly-Coated Retriever?
The oldest retriever breed, developed in England from water spaniels and early retrievers. First shown in 1860—decades before Labs or Goldens existed. Known for tight, waterproof curls and independent temperament.
How do they differ from Murray River Retrievers?
Despite similar names, they’re entirely different breeds. Murray Rivers are smaller, Australian-developed, liver-coloured only, with looser curls. DNA testing shows no close genetic relationship. The Murray River Retriever was renamed (from Murray River Curly Coated Retriever) specifically to avoid confusion.
Are Curly-Coated Retrievers good family dogs?
Yes, for the right families. They’re gentle and loyal, good with children, and calm indoors when exercised. However, they need experienced owners who can handle their independence and high exercise needs.
What health problems do Curly-Coated Retrievers have?
Key concerns include Exercise-Induced Collapse (EIC), Glycogen Storage Disease (GSD), hip/elbow dysplasia, eye conditions (PRA, entropion), and elevated cancer risk. DNA testing and health screening by breeders can reduce many of these risks.
Primary Sources:
- Planet Curly — Breed history and first stud book records
- Britannica — Curly-Coated Retriever breed information
- Dogs Australia; breed registries
- Curly-Coated Retriever Club of America — first retriever classification
- Project Upland — ‘Blue-collar retriever’ historical accounts
- Henry Coleman Folkard — ‘The Wildfowler’ (1859)
- Murray River Retriever Association — breed distinction and DNA testing
Health & Care Sources:
- The Kennel Club UK: thekennelclub.org.uk
- PetMD — Curly-Coated Retriever health: petmd.com
- RSPCA Australia: rspca.org.au
- Curly Coated Retriever Club UK — EIC and GSD information
- 2024 UK lifespan study — 12.2 year average
- Australian Veterinary Association: ava.com.au
- Dogs Australia: dogsaustralia.org.au
- Dogs Australia — finding registered breeders