In 1862, a Birmingham dog dealer named James Hinks arrived at the Cremorne Show in London with a white bitch called Puss. She looked nothing like the rough, battered dogs that had dominated fighting pits for decades. Instead, she was elegant, refined, with a striking all-white coat — the result of years of careful crossing with Dalmatians and the now-extinct White English Terrier.¹
The old-time dogmen laughed. They called Hinks’ dogs weak and incapable of fighting. Hinks, reportedly a man not known for backing down (court records show multiple assault charges), took offense. He matched Puss against a fighting dog owned by Bill Tupper — and she killed Tupper’s dog in half an hour without being seriously wounded herself. The next day, she appeared at the dog show.²
The message was clear: this new “Bull Terrier” had lost none of its courage while gaining something far more valuable — respectability. A rhyme of the time captured the transformation perfectly: “Hinks found a Bull Terrier a tattered old bum / And made him a dog for a gentleman’s chum.”³
This is the Bull Terrier: the “White Cavalier,” the “clown of the dog world,” the breed with a face like no other. From their egg-shaped head to their triangular eyes (the only registered breed with this feature), Bull Terriers are unmistakable. And from Spuds MacKenzie to Target’s Bullseye, they’ve captured the public imagination like few breeds can.
What You’ll Learn
- The fascinating transformation from pit fighter to “gentleman’s companion”
- Why they’re called the “kid in a dog suit” and “clown of the dog world”
- Health concerns: deafness in white dogs, kidney disease, heart issues
- Are Bull Terriers dangerous? The truth about temperament
- Australian pricing and ownership costs
Bull Terrier Quick Facts
| Attribute | Details |
|---|---|
| Breed Group | Terrier Group |
| Origin | England (1860s) |
| Other Names | White Cavalier, English Bull Terrier |
| Size Category | Medium |
| Height | 53-56 cm (21-22 inches) |
| Weight (Male) | 27-32 kg (60-70 lbs) |
| Weight (Female) | 23-27 kg (50-60 lbs) |
| Lifespan | 11-14 years |
| Coat Type | Short, flat, dense |
| Colours | White, or any colour (brindle preferred) |
| Shedding | Low to moderate |
| Exercise Needs | 4/5 (High — 1-2 hours daily) |
| Trainability | 3/5 (Intelligent but stubborn) |
| Good with Children | Yes, with older children |
| Average Puppy Price (AUD) | $2,500 – $4,500 |
Data sourced from AKC, Kennel Club (UK), and Australian breed registries.⁴
History of the Bull Terrier
In early 19th century England, breeders crossed Bulldogs with various terriers to create “bull-and-terrier” dogs — animals combining the Bulldog’s strength and tenacity with the terrier’s agility and fire. These dogs were used primarily for blood sports: bull-baiting, bear-baiting, and after those were banned in 1835, dog fighting and ratting.⁵
James Hinks of Birmingham saw something different in these dogs. Rather than breeding for the pit, he wanted to create a “gentleman’s companion” — a dog with the bull-and-terrier’s courage but a refined appearance suitable for the emerging dog show scene. His breeding program likely included the Old English White Terrier (now extinct), Dalmatians (for the all-white coat), and possibly Greyhounds or Pointers for the distinctive sloping head profile.⁶
The result was dramatically different. Hinks’ dogs were longer in leg, cleaner in outline, and — crucially — entirely white. He called them “Bull Terriers,” and they became known as the “White Cavalier” for their combination of courage and refinement. When they debuted at the 1862 Cremorne Show, they caused a sensation.
The Bull Terrier’s most distinctive feature — that extraordinary egg-shaped head — wasn’t part of Hinks’ original dogs. Early Bull Terriers had a more conventional head with a stop (the indentation between forehead and muzzle). The unique profile developed gradually through the early 20th century, becoming standardized around 1917 with a dog called “Lord Gladiator.”⁷
Today’s Bull Terrier has a head described as “egg-shaped” or “shark-like,” with a smooth, convex curve from the top of the skull to the tip of the nose with no stop whatsoever. They’re also the only registered breed with triangular eyes — small, dark, and deep-set, giving what the standard calls a “piercing glint.”
For decades, only white Bull Terriers were shown. In the early 1900s, breeders like Ted Lyon began crossing back to Staffordshire Bull Terriers to introduce colour — partly for genetic diversity and partly because hereditary deafness was becoming a concern in the all-white strain. Today, colored Bull Terriers (any colour, with brindle preferred) are a separate variety.⁸
The Kennel Club (UK) recognised the breed in 1887. The American Kennel Club followed in 1885. The Miniature Bull Terrier, a separate breed standing 10-14 inches, was developed from the smaller dogs that occasionally appeared in Bull Terrier litters.
Famous Bull Terriers
Few breeds have achieved the cultural impact of the Bull Terrier. From advertising icons to military companions, these dogs have captured imaginations worldwide.
Spuds MacKenzie (1987-1989): The “Original Party Animal” was actually a female Bull Terrier named Honey Tree Evil Eye, or “Evie.” Her laid-back temperament — unusual for the typically high-energy breed — made her perfect for commercial work. According to The New York Times, Spuds helped increase Bud Light sales by 20% between 1987 and 1988.⁹
Bullseye (1999-Present): Target’s iconic mascot — a white Bull Terrier with the company’s red target logo around one eye — has been the face of the retail giant for over 25 years.
General Patton’s Willie: When General George S. Patton arrived in England in 1944, he sought a Bull Terrier companion. He found Willie, whose previous owner — an RAF pilot flying night bombing raids over Germany — had been killed when his plane didn’t return. Willie accompanied Patton across Europe as the General led his troops.¹⁰
Bull Terrier Temperament
If you’re expecting a serious, intimidating guard dog based on the Bull Terrier’s appearance, prepare to be surprised. According to PetMD, the Bull Terrier is often described as a “kid in a dog suit” — and that’s both accurate and a warning.¹¹
Bull Terriers are comedians. They’re playful, mischievous, energetic, and absolutely convinced that life is meant to be fun. They’ll chase their tails, bounce off furniture, invent games, and generally behave like overgrown puppies well into adulthood. This clownish behaviour has earned them nicknames like “Class Clown” and “Canine Gladiator” (for their athletic abilities).
Key temperament traits:
- Playful and energetic — often to the point of exhausting
- Extremely loyal and devoted to their family
- Affectionate — they want to be with you, always
- Stubborn and independent — they think for themselves
- Can be mischievous and destructive if bored
- Don’t like being left alone for long periods
- Can be jealous of attention given to other pets or people
Bull Terriers form intense bonds with their families. They want to be involved in everything you do, and they don’t handle being left alone well. Extended isolation can lead to destructive behaviour — many Bull Terriers have had at least one “zipper surgery” to remove objects they’ve eaten.¹²
With Children: Bull Terriers can be excellent family dogs, but they’re best suited to families with older children who understand how to interact with dogs. Their exuberance, combined with their muscular build, means they can inadvertently knock over small children. They don’t respond well to teasing, so children must be taught appropriate behaviour around them. According to the RSPCA Australia, proper socialisation from puppyhood is essential.¹³
With Other Animals: This is where the Bull Terrier’s history shows. While they’re generally friendly with people, they can be aggressive with unfamiliar dogs and may see small animals as prey. They’re not typically good candidates for dog parks due to potential animal aggression. Multiple Bull Terriers can live together harmoniously if raised together, but introductions should be careful.¹⁴
Are Bull Terriers Dangerous?
This question comes up frequently — “are bull terriers dangerous,” “are bull terriers vicious,” “are bull terriers aggressive” — and deserves an honest answer.
Bull Terriers were deliberately bred away from aggression toward humans. James Hinks wanted a “gentleman’s companion,” not a fighting dog. The breed’s history includes the phrase “would never seek to start a fight but was well able to finish one” — meaning they weren’t aggressive instigators but weren’t pushovers either.¹⁵
Modern Bull Terriers, when properly bred and socialised, are typically friendly and affectionate with people. They’re playful, loyal, and often comically eager to please. They are not inherently dangerous to humans.
Like any strong, energetic breed, Bull Terriers require:
- Early, extensive socialisation with people and animals
- Consistent training from puppyhood
- An owner who understands their energy and stubbornness
- Supervision around other dogs and small animals
- Physical and mental stimulation to prevent destructive behaviour
A poorly socialised, untrained, or bored Bull Terrier can become problematic — not because they’re inherently vicious, but because they’re strong, determined dogs who need guidance. As the Australian Veterinary Association notes, responsible ownership is key for any breed.¹⁶
Bull Terrier Health Issues
Bull Terriers are generally healthy dogs with a lifespan of 11-14 years. However, they do have breed-specific health concerns that prospective owners should understand.
Prevalence: Approximately 18-20% of white Bull Terriers are born deaf (in one or both ears), compared to about 1-2% of colored Bull Terriers
Cause: The same genes that produce the white coat also affect inner ear development
Testing: The BAER (Brainstem Auditory Evoked Response) test can detect deafness in puppies as young as 5-6 weeks. Reputable breeders test all puppies before sale
Living with a deaf Bull Terrier: Deaf Bull Terriers can live happy, full lives with modified training using visual cues — but you should know before you buy.¹⁷
Bull Terriers are prone to two serious kidney conditions:
Hereditary Nephritis: An inherited condition causing kidney inflammation and eventual failure. Unfortunately, it’s often diagnosed too late for effective treatment.
Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD): Cysts develop in the kidneys, leading to progressive failure. This is specific to Bull Terriers.
Reputable breeders should test breeding dogs for kidney function (UP:UC ratio testing) and have ultrasounds performed.
Mitral Valve Disease: The mitral valve doesn’t close properly, causing blood backflow. Symptoms include fatigue, coughing, and difficulty breathing.
Aortic Stenosis: A narrowed aortic valve impeding blood flow. This is often congenital.
Patellar Luxation: The kneecap slips out of place, causing limping or “skipping.”
Skin Allergies: Bull Terriers are prone to allergies and skin conditions, including reactions to chicken (a common food allergy).
Lethal Acrodermatitis (LAD): A fatal zinc metabolism disorder affecting puppies. Responsible breeders test for this.
Eye Issues: Including dry eye (keratoconjunctivitis sicca), entropion, and primary lens luxation.
Bull Terrier Lifespan & Longevity Tips
Bull Terriers typically live 11-14 years — a good lifespan for a medium-sized breed. With proper care, many reach the upper end of this range.¹⁸
Maximising Lifespan:
- Buy from breeders who health test for deafness, kidney function, heart, and patella
- Maintain healthy weight (they love food and can become obese)
- Provide adequate exercise (1-2 hours daily)
- Regular veterinary checkups, including heart and kidney monitoring
- Keep them mentally stimulated (bored Bull Terriers become destructive)
- Protect white dogs from sun exposure
- Watch for compulsive behaviours (tail chasing can become obsessive)
Bull Terrier Grooming Guide
Grooming a Bull Terrier is one of the easiest aspects of ownership. Their short, flat coat requires minimal maintenance.
Grooming Schedule Table
| Task | Frequency | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Brushing | Weekly | Rubber curry brush or grooming mitt |
| Bathing | Monthly or as needed | When dirty; hypoallergenic shampoo for sensitive skin |
| Nail Trimming | Every 2-3 weeks | Active dogs may wear nails naturally |
| Ear Cleaning | Weekly | Check for infection signs |
| Teeth Brushing | 2-3 times weekly | Dental disease is common |
| Sun Protection (white dogs) | Daily in summer | Pet-safe sunscreen on nose/ears |
Climate Considerations: Bull Terriers prefer warmer climates and don’t tolerate extreme cold well. In cold weather, they may need a coat or sweater. They also don’t do well in extreme heat — avoid vigorous exercise in hot weather and ensure they have access to shade and water.
Bull Terrier Exercise Needs
Bull Terriers are athletic, energetic dogs that need significant daily exercise. Without it, that energy gets channeled into destructive behaviour. According to the American Kennel Club, they’re considered one of the strongest dogs for their weight.¹⁹
Exercise Guidelines:
- 1-2 hours of activity daily
- Mix of physical exercise and mental stimulation
- Secure, fenced yard strongly recommended
- Not ideal candidates for dog parks (potential dog aggression)
- Enjoy agility, obedience, flyball, weight pulling, scent work
- Need mental challenges — puzzle toys, training sessions
- Avoid strenuous exercise in extreme heat or cold
Warning: Bull Terriers can develop compulsive behaviours like tail chasing or shadow chasing if understimulated. What starts as play can become an obsessive pattern that’s difficult to break.
Bull Terrier Training Tips
Trainability Score: 3/5 – Intelligent but stubborn
Training a Bull Terrier is… an adventure. They’re intelligent dogs — sometimes too intelligent for their own good — but they’re also stubborn, independent, and easily bored. As Dogs Australia notes, they require firm, consistent handling.²⁰
Training Essentials:
- Start early — socialisation from puppyhood is critical
- Keep sessions short and interesting (they bore quickly)
- Use positive reinforcement — harsh methods backfire
- Be firm and consistent — they’ll exploit any inconsistency
- Socialise extensively with people, dogs, and situations
- Train before they reach full size and strength
Socialisation & Training Timeline
| Age | Training Focus | Expected Outcomes |
|---|---|---|
| 8-16 weeks | Intensive socialisation, bite inhibition, handling | Confident with people, sounds, environments |
| 3-6 months | Basic obedience, leash training, dog introductions | Walks on leash, knows basic commands |
| 6-12 months | Proofing commands, managing energy, impulse control | Reliable commands, appropriate behaviour |
| 12+ months | Advanced training, mental stimulation, reinforcement | Well-mannered adult |
Not for First-Time Owners: Bull Terriers are not recommended for inexperienced dog owners. Their combination of intelligence, stubbornness, strength, and energy requires someone who understands dogs and can provide consistent leadership. Without proper training, their natural exuberance can become unmanageable.
Bull Terrier Price & Costs in Australia
Bull Terriers are not inexpensive dogs, and the initial purchase price is just the beginning.
Initial Costs Table
| Expense | Approx. Cost (AUD) |
|---|---|
| Bull Terrier Puppy (registered breeder) | $2,500 – $4,500 |
| Initial Vet + Vaccinations | $200 – $350 |
| Desexing | $300 – $500 |
| Essential Supplies | $300 – $500 |
| TOTAL INITIAL COST | $3,300 – $5,850 |
Annual Ongoing Costs
- Quality Food: $800 – $1,200
- Veterinary Care & Preventatives: $400 – $700
- Pet Insurance (recommended): $600 – $1,200
- Grooming Supplies: $50 – $100
- Toys, Treats, Miscellaneous: $200 – $400
- Training Classes (highly recommended): $200 – $500
TOTAL ANNUAL: $2,250 – $4,100
Lifetime Cost Estimate
Lifetime Cost Estimate: $30,000 – $55,000 (based on 12-year lifespan)
Important: Pet insurance is strongly recommended. Many Bull Terriers have required “zipper surgery” to remove swallowed objects, which can cost $3,000-$8,000. Kidney disease treatment can also be extremely expensive.
Bull Terrier vs Similar Breeds
| Aspect | Bull Terrier | Staffordshire Bull Terrier | American Staffordshire |
|---|---|---|---|
| Size | 23-32 kg | 11-17 kg | 25-35 kg |
| Energy Level | High | High | Moderate-High |
| Distinctive Feature | Egg-shaped head | “Nanny dog” reputation | Muscular build |
| Trainability | Moderate (stubborn) | Moderate-High | Moderate-High |
| With Children | Older children | Excellent | Good with supervision |
| Lifespan | 11-14 years | 12-14 years | 12-16 years |
A Note on Miniature Bull Terriers
The Miniature Bull Terrier is a separate breed, not just a smaller Bull Terrier. Standing 25-35 cm (10-14 inches) and weighing 11-15 kg (24-33 lbs), they share the standard Bull Terrier’s distinctive appearance and personality but in a more compact package.
Miniature Bull Terriers share most health concerns with their larger cousins and have been called “3-year-olds in dog suits” by the Miniature Bull Terrier Club of America. They’re similarly energetic, stubborn, and entertaining — just easier to manage physically.
Is a Bull Terrier Right for You?
The ideal Bull Terrier owner has experience with dogs, a good sense of humor, plenty of time and energy, and the patience to handle a stubborn, independent-minded clown. They understand that this breed requires commitment and are prepared to provide consistent training, extensive exercise, and near-constant companionship.
Perfect For:
- Experienced dog owners who want an entertaining, loyal companion
- Active individuals or families with older children
- Those who work from home or have flexible schedules
- People who appreciate a dog with personality and aren’t fazed by stubbornness
Home Size: Home with secure, fenced yard preferred
Someone Home: They hate being alone — someone home most of the day is ideal
Climate: Prefer moderate to warm; protect from extremes
Other Pets: Caution required; best as only pet or with opposite-sex dogs
Children: Best with older children who understand dogs
❌ First-time dog owners
❌ People who are away from home for long hours
❌ Those seeking a calm, laid-back companion
❌ Families with very young children
❌ Anyone who can’t commit to extensive training and exercise
❌ Multi-pet households (especially with cats or same-sex dogs)
The Bull Terrier is not a dog for everyone — but for the right owner, they’re incomparable. From their unique appearance (that egg-shaped head and triangular eyes) to their clownish personality, they’re unlike any other breed. They’ll make you laugh, test your patience, and reward you with fierce loyalty.
Perfect for: Experienced dog owners who want an entertaining, loyal companion and can commit to their exercise, training, and companionship needs. Ideal for active families with older children who appreciate a dog with personality.
Think twice if: You’re a first-time owner, away from home frequently, have young children, other pets, or want a calm, easygoing dog. Bull Terriers require significant time, energy, and commitment.
First-time owner verdict: Not recommended. Their combination of energy, stubbornness, strength, and need for companionship makes them challenging for inexperienced owners. Consider a breed with lower maintenance requirements for your first dog.
Bull Terrier FAQs
Are Bull Terriers dangerous?
No, Bull Terriers are not inherently dangerous to humans. They were specifically bred to be companion dogs, not fighters. Properly bred and socialised Bull Terriers are friendly, playful, and affectionate. However, like any strong breed, they require proper training and socialisation.
Are Bull Terriers aggressive?
Bull Terriers can show aggression toward other dogs and may have high prey drive toward small animals, but they’re not typically aggressive toward people. Their reputation for aggression often comes from confusion with other “bull” breeds. Proper socialisation from puppyhood is essential.
Are Bull Terriers vicious?
No. “Vicious” is not an accurate description of the breed. Bull Terriers are playful, often to the point of being called “clowns.” They’re loyal, affectionate, and bond strongly with their families. Individual dogs with poor breeding or socialisation may have behavioural issues, but this isn’t characteristic of the breed.
How long do Bull Terriers live?
11-14 years is typical. With proper care, including health screening, appropriate diet, regular exercise, and preventive veterinary care, many reach the upper end of this range.
Are white Bull Terriers deaf?
Not all, but the risk is higher. Approximately 18-20% of white Bull Terriers are born deaf in one or both ears, compared to about 1-2% of colored Bull Terriers. The BAER test can detect deafness in puppies.
Are Bull Terriers good family dogs?
They can be, for the right family. Bull Terriers are loyal, playful, and entertaining. However, they’re best suited to families with older children, experienced dog owners, and those with time for training and exercise. They’re not ideal for families with very young children or other pets.
Why are Bull Terriers called “clowns”?
Because of their playful, mischievous, entertaining personalities. They’re known for silly behaviours, funny expressions, and an apparent sense of humor. They love to play and often behave like puppies well into adulthood.
How much does a Bull Terrier cost in Australia?
$2,500-$4,500 from a registered breeder who health tests for deafness, kidney function, heart, and patella. Expect ongoing annual costs of $2,250-$4,100.
Primary Sources:
- AKC — Bull Terrier History: akc.org
- Lulu Bully — 1862 Cremorne Show; Puss demonstration
- Bull Terrier Club of America — Hinks rhyme
- AKC breed standard; Kennel Club (UK)
- Wikipedia — Bull and Terrier history
- iHeartDogs — James Hinks breeding program
- Bull Terrier World — Lord Gladiator; head evolution
- Canine Heritage — Ted Lyon; colored variety
- Britannica — Spuds MacKenzie; Target Bullseye
- Mason & Sons — General Patton’s Willie
Health & Care Sources:
- PetMD — Bull Terrier Health: petmd.com
- PetMD — “Zipper surgery” reference
- RSPCA Australia: rspca.org.au
- Britannica — Dog park warning
- Mason & Sons — “Would never start a fight”
- Australian Veterinary Association: ava.com.au
- Dogster — 18-20% white deafness rate
- iHeartDogs — Bull Terrier Lifespan
- American Kennel Club: akc.org
- Dogs Australia: dogsaustralia.org.au